PhD. University of Montpellier, France 2006 (Supervisors: A. Estoup, Y. Michalakis & M. Lecoq)
MSc. University of Montpellier, France 2002 (Supervisor: A. Estoup)
2009 - current, CIRAD Researcher, France - Honorary Research Affiliate of the School of Biological Sciences, Sydney, Australia
2007 - 2009, Marie-Curie Outgoing International Fellow, CBGP, Montpellier and University of Sydney, Australia, with G.A. Sword and S. J. Simpson
My research is mainly focused on population evolution of locust species. These crop pests are subject to huge and unpredictable increases in population density, associated with a switch from the shy and cryptic to the highly active and aggregative behavior (phase polyphenism). I use molecular and evolutionary ecology to understand the environmental conditions leading to the evolution of population outbreaks and extreme density-dependent phenotypic plasticity in these species.
In parallel, microsatellite loci of Orthopteran species, which are characterized by giant genomes, are prone to high prevalence of null alleles and high similarity between their flanking regions. My questions hence ask for an improved understanding of the molecular evolution of the microsatellite markers in this Order, and the development of adapted statistical tools for genotype analysis.
In our lab we mainly focus on the Desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria (picture: Antoine Foucart, Augrabies Falls, South-Africa).
The Migratory locust in Palavas
The ‘Palavas grasshopper' is a giant form of the migratory locust, Locusta migratoria, populations of which are located in the lagoon ecosystem delimited by the estuaries of the Rhône and Hérault rivers. A preliminary study showed that the Palavas form was genetically isolated from neighboring populations, which are themselves highly interconnected along the Mediterranean coast. Evolutionary causes and proximal mechanisms for the morphological divergence and genetic isolation of Palavas populations are enigmatic to date. In collaboration with Christine Pagès, Antoine Foucart, and Laurence Blondin, we use a transect sampling method and combine microsatellite genotyping, and morphological and ecological data to characterize further the genetic isolation of populations from Palavas and identify factors that shape its isolation.
Quantitative genetics of phenotypic plasticity
This project is the post-doctoral work of Benjamin Pélissié and is led in collaboration with Cyril Piou and Christine Pagès. The aim is to inform on reaction norms of larval growth and adult morphology in a complex environment, and on the associated genetic parameters (heritability of traits, genetic correlations between growth environments and between components of phase). We hope to disentangle the effect of growth conditions from the effect of phase on the plastic response of locusts. This biological knowledge will serve for building an individual-based model to simulate the demo-genetics dynamics of locust populations.
An integrative approach of gregariousness (in construction)
With Cyril Piou, we aim to use natural variation in both environment and genome of the Desert locust (i.e. the divergent subspecies S. gregaria gregaria and S. gregaria flaviventris) to examine phase polyphenism with an integration of the functions of evolution (evolutionary history and the underlying mechanisms such as adaptive divergence), ecology (how fitness effects of phase translate in ecological performance of populations) and genetics (genes involved in plasticity).
Blanchet, E., M. Lecoq, G.A. Sword, C. Pagès, L. Blondin, C. Billot, R. Rivallan, A. Foucart, J.-M. Vassal, A.-M. Risterucci and M.-P. Chapuis. Population structures of three Calliptamus spp. across the Western Mediterranean Basin. European Journal of Entomology. In press.
Babin R., C. Fenouillet, T. Legavre, L. Blondin, C. Calatayud, A.-M. Risterucci and M.-P. Chapuis. 2012. Isolation and characterization of twelve polymorphic microsatellite loci for the cocoa mirid bug Sahlbergella Singularis. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 13: 4412-4417.
Chapuis M.-P., R. Streiff and G.A. Sword. 2012. Long microsatellites and unusually high levels of genetic diversity in the Orthoptera. Insect Molecular Biology 21: 181-186.
Blanchet E., M. Lecoq, G. A. Sword, K. Berthier, C. Pages, C. Billot, R. Rivallan, A. Foucart, J.-M. Vassal, A.-M. Risterucci and M.-P. Chapuis. 2012. A comparative analysis of fine-scale genetic structure in three closely-related syntopic grasshopper species (Calliptamus sp.). Canadian Journal of Zoology 90: 31–41.
Chapuis M.-P., S.J. Simpson, L. Blondin & G.A. Sword. 2011. Taxa-specific heat shock proteins are over-expressed with crowding in the Australian plague locust. Journal of Insect Physiology 57 (11): 1562-1567.
Chapuis M.-P., J.-A. Popple, K. Berthier, S. J. Simpson, T. Deveson, P. Spurgin, M. J. Steinbauer and G. A. Sword. 2011. Challenges to assessing connectivity between massive populations of the Australian Plague locust. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 278(1721): 3152-3160.
Ponton F., M.-P. Chapuis, M. Pernice, G.A. Sword and S.J. Simpson. 2011. Evaluation of potential reference genes for reverse transcription-qPCR studies of physiological responses in Drosophila melanogaster. Journal of Insect Physiology 57(6): 840-850.
Chapuis M.-P., D. Tohidi-Esfahani, T. Dodgson, L. Blondin, F. Ponton, D. Cullen, S.J. Simpson and G.A. Sword. 2011. Assessment and validation of a suite of reverse transcription-quantitative PCR reference genes for analyses of density-dependent behavioural plasticity in the Australian plague locust. BMC Molecular Biology 12: 7.
Berthier K., M-P. Chapuis, S.M. Moosavi, D. Tohidi-Esfahani and G.A. Sword. 2011. Nuclear insertions and heteroplasmy of mitochondrial DNA as two sources of intra-individual genomic variation in grasshoppers. Systematic Entomology 36: 285-299.
Chapuis M.-P.*, K. Berthier K.*, S.J. Simpson, H-J. Ferenz, C.M. Habib Kane, L. Kang, A. Lange, S.R. Ott, M.A. Ould Babah, K.W. Rodenburg, S.M. Rogers, B. Torto, J. Vanden Broeck, J.J.A. Van Loon and G.A. Sword. 2010. Laboratory populations as a resource for understanding the relationship between genotypes and phenotypes: A global case study in locusts. Advances in Insect Physiology 39: 1-37 (* equal contributors).
Chapuis M.-P., L. Crespin, A. Estoup, A. Augé-Sabatier, A. Foucart, M. Lecoq, and Y. Michalakis. 2010. Parental crowding increases investment to reproduction in Locusta migratoria females. Bulletin of Entomological Research 100: 9-17.
Chapuis M.-P., A. Loiseau, Y. Michalakis, M. Lecoq, A. Franc, and A. Estoup. 2009. Outbreaks, gene flow and effective population size in the migratory locust, Locusta migratoria: a regional scale comparative survey. Molecular Ecology 18: 792-800.
Chapuis M.-P., M. Lecoq, Y. Michalakis, A. Loiseau, G. A. Sword, S. Piry, and A. Estoup. 2008. Do outbreaks affect genetic population structure? A worldwide survey in Locusta migratoria, a pest plagued by microsatellite null alleles. Molecular Ecology 17(16): 3640-3653.
Chapuis M.-P., J.-A. Popple, S. J. Simpson, M. Steinbauer, L. McCulloch, A. Estoup, J.-F. Martin, and G. A. Sword. 2008. Eight polymorphic microsatellite loci for the Australian plague locust, Chortoicetes terminifera. Molecular Ecology Resources 8:1414-1416.
Chapuis M.-P., A. Estoup, A. Augé-Sabatier, A. Foucart, M. Lecoq, and Y. Michalakis. 2008. Genetic variation for parental effects on propensity to gregarise in Locusta migratoria. BMC Evolutionary Biology 8: 37.
Chapuis, M.-P., and A. Estoup. 2007. Microsatellite null alleles and estimation of population differentiation. Molecular Biology and Evolution 24(3): 621-631. [FreeNA software]
Pascual., M., M.P. Chapuis, F. Mestres, J. Balanyà, R.B. Huey, G.W. Gilchrist, L. Serra, and A. Estoup. 2007. Introduction history of Drosophila subobscura in the New World: a microsatellite based survey using ABC methods. Molecular Ecology 16(15): 3069-3083.
Chapuis, M.-P., A. Loiseau, Y. Michalakis, M. Lecoq, and A. Estoup. 2005. Characterization
and PCR multiplexing of polymorphic microsatellite loci for the locust Locusta
migratoria. Molecular Ecology Notes 5: 554-557.
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