Chapuis, Marie Pierre

This initiative aims at contributing to the international efforts to develop species identification tools, primarily in the Orthoptera. Such efforts are often applied at a deep taxonomic level by using high-throughput sequencing of multiple DNA markers. At this level, we sequence amplicons (e.g., mitochondrial barcode, nuclear fragments) from ancient DNA from Western-African specimens of the diverse Acrididae family from our collection. Identification can otherwise be problematic at a recent taxonomic level, which requires integrative revisions based on morphological and molecular data. At this level, we focus on two Orthopteran case studies: we use the RAD-Seq technique, geometrical morphometry and the study of acoustic communication to explore species limits within the Calliptamus genus, and we combine microsatellite genotyping, mitochondrial barcoding, and morphological and ecological data to resolve the enigmatic genetic isolation of the ‘Palavas grasshopper', a giant form of the migratory locust. Finally, we build on the RAD-Capture method from Ali et al. (2016) to target several thousand SNP markers, selected for their quality and high level of polymorphism to describe the worldwide structure of populations from the Bactrocera dorsalis complex, and develop a molecular tool for rapid identification of the geographical origin and specific status of quarantine fruit flies caught in monitoring networks from EU phytosanitary services.

Main collaborators: Emeline Charbonnel, Armelle Coeur d'Acier, Emmanuelle Jousselin, David Ouvrard.

 

 

 

Crop pests are a major constraint to ecological intensification of agricultural production systems. We develop and extend a landscape genomics approach to address pest dispersal in relation to their environment as a prerequisite to improve pest management strategies. Our main case study is the Oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis, an invasive key pest of mango and other fruits, for which we implement an intensive demo-genetic monitoring in West Africa. We assess and/or develop (i) high-throughput sequencing techniques for generating SNPs on a large number of samples at a reasonable cost, (ii) statistical methods to characterize the spatiotemporal relationships between pest abundance, active short-distance dispersal, passive long-distance dispersal, and the environmental matrix, and (iii) inferential methods to quantify the spatiotemporal variation of demographic parameters taking into account the landscape.

 

Main collaborators: Karine Berthier, Thierry Brévault, Cécile Caumette, Raphaël Leblois, Sylvain Piry.

 

Main publications (so far): 28, 33.

 

   

Plant-insect-bacteria interactions  

Communities of microorganisms (microbiota) have an intimate, often mutualistic, but also complex relationship with their host and its environment. As a first step toward considering the microbial compartment for solving key questions in plant health, we characterize microbiota composition variation in phytophagous insects according to host plants (e.g. fruit species in fruit flies or wheat genotypes in the migratory locust). We also explore immune (e.g. parasitism), behavioral (e.g. gregarious phase) or genetic (e.g. evolutionary history) factors.

Main collaborators: Simon Fellous, Isabelle Florent, Marion Javal, Nicolas Rode.

Main publications (so far): 37, 39.

 

Education and Professional Employment

2009 - current, Cirad Researcher, France (Honorary Research Affiliate of the School of Biological Sciences, Sydney, Australia)

2007 - 2009, Marie-Curie Outgoing International Fellow, CBGP, Montpellier and University of Sydney, Australia, with G.A. Sword and S. J. Simpson 

PhD. University of Montpellier, France 2006 (Supervisors: A. Estoup, Y. Michalakis & M. Lecoq)

MSc. University of Montpellier, France 2002 (Supervisor: A. Estoup)