Is conservation agriculture a climate-smart option for smallholders in sub-Saharan Africa?
Click on the picture to download
the poster (.pdf, 97x118 cm, 2.9 Mo)
References :
Aflakpui, G.K.S., Boa-Amponsem, F.K., Anchirinah, V.M., Osei-Yeboah, S., Bolfrey-Arku, G.G.E.-K., Osei-Bonsu, P., Asumadu, H., Manu-Aduening, J.A., Allou, P.B., Akowuah, P.K., Baffour, A., 2007. Sustaining Crop Production Through Conservation Tillage in Ghana. Journal of Plant Sciences 2, 68–74.
Agboola, A., 1981. The effects of different soil tillage and management practices on the physical and chemical properties of soil and maize yield in a rainforest zone of western Nigeria. Agronomy Journal.
Aguilera, E., Lassaletta, L., Gattinger, A., Gimeno, B.S., 2013. Managing soil carbon for climate change mitigation and adaptation in Mediterranean cropping systems: A meta-analysis. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 168, 25–36. doi:10.1016/j.agee.2013.02.003
Ahmed, M., Asif, M., Sajad, M., Khattak, J.Z.K., Ijaz, W., Fayyaz-ul-Hassan, Wasaya, A., Chun, J.A., 2013. Could agricultural system be adapted to climate change? A review. Australian Journal of Crop Science 7, 1642–1653.
Alexandratos, N., Bruinsma, J., 2012. World agriculture towards 2030/2050: the 2012 revision. ESA Working Paper, FAO.
Ambassa-Kiki, R., Aboubakar, Y., Boulama, T., 1996. Zero-tillage for rice production on Cameroonian Vertisols. Soil and Tillage Research 39, 75–84. doi:10.1016/S0167-1987(96)01042-2
Anazodo, U., Onwualu, A., Watts, K., 1991a. Evaluation of alternative tillage systems in the absence of herbicides for maize production in a savannah loamy sand. Journal of agricultural engineering … 49, 259–272.
Anazodo, U., Onwualu, A.P., Watts, K.C., 1991b. Evaluation of alternative tillage systems in the absence of herbicides for maize production in a savannah loamy sand. Journal of agricultural engineering … 49, 259–272.
Andrieu, N., Vayssières, J., Corbeels, M., Blanchard, M., Vall, E., Tittonell, P., 2014. From farm scale synergies to village scale trade-offs: Cereal crop residues use in an agro-pastoral system of the Sudanian zone of Burkina Faso. Agricultural Systems. doi:10.1016/j.agsy.2014.08.012
Araya, T., Cornelis, W.M., Nyssen, J., Govaerts, B., Getnet, F., Bauer, H., Amare, K., Raes, D., Haile, M., Deckers, J., 2012. Medium-term effects of conservation agriculture based cropping systems for sustainable soil and water management and crop productivity in the Ethiopian highlands. Field Crops Research 132, 53–62. doi:10.1016/j.fcr.2011.12.009
Baggs, E.M., Chebii, J., Ndufa, J.K., 2006. A short-term investigation of trace gas emissions following tillage and no-tillage of agroforestry residues in western Kenya. Soil and Tillage Research 90, 69–76. doi:10.1016/j.still.2005.08.006
Bänziger, M., Setimela, P.S., Hodson, D., Vivek, B., 2006. Breeding for improved abiotic stress tolerance in maize adapted to southern Africa. Agricultural Water Management 80, 212–224. doi:10.1016/j.agwat.2005.07.014
Baudoin, E., Philippot, L., Chèneby, D., Chapuis-Lardy, L., Fromin, N., Bru, D., Rabary, B., Brauman, A., 2009. Direct seeding mulch-based cropping increases both the activity and the abundance of denitrifier communities in a tropical soil. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 41, 1703–1709. doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.05.015
Baudron, F., Jaleta, M., Okitoi, O., Tegegn, A., 2014. Conservation agriculture in African mixed crop-livestock systems: Expanding the niche. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 187, 171–182. doi:10.1016/j.agee.2013.08.020
Baudron, F., Tittonell, P., Corbeels, M., Letourmy, P., Giller, K.E., 2012. Comparative performance of conservation agriculture and current smallholder farming practices in semi-arid Zimbabwe. Field Crops Research 132, 117–128. doi:10.1016/j.fcr.2011.09.008
Bernoux, M., Cerri, C.C., Cerri, C.E.P., Neto, M.S., Metay, A., 2006. Cropping systems, carbon sequestration and erosion in Brazil, a review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development.
Brouder, S.M., Gomez-Macpherson, H., 2014. The impact of conservation agriculture on smallholder agricultural yields: A scoping review of the evidence. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment. doi:10.1016/j.agee.2013.08.010
Buysman, E., Mol, A.P.J., 2013. Market-based biogas sector development in least developed countries -The case of Cambodia. Energy Policy 63, 44–51. doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2013.05.071
Chapuis-Lardy, L., Metay, A., Martinet, M., Rabenarivo, M., Toucet, J., Douzet, J.-M., Razafimbelo, T.M., Rabeharisoa, L., Rakotoarisoa, J., 2009. Nitrous oxide fluxes from Malagasy agricultural soils. Geoderma 148, 421–427. doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2008.11.015
Corbeels, M., de Graaff, J., Ndah, T.H., Penot, E., Baudron, F., Naudin, K., Andrieu, N., Chirat, G., Schuler, J., Nyagumbo, I., Rusinamhodzi, L., Traore, K., Mzoba, H.D., Adolwa, I.S., 2014a. Understanding the impact and adoption of conservation agriculture in Africa: A multi-scale analysis. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 187, 155–170. doi:10.1016/j.agee.2013.10.011
Corbeels, M., Sakyi, R., Kühne, R., Whitbread, A., 2014b. Meta-analysis of crop responses to conservation agriculture in sub-Saharan Africa. CCAFS report.
Corbeels, M., Scopel, E., Cardoso, A., Bernoux, M., Douzet, J.-M., Neto, M.S., 2006. Soil carbon storage potential of direct seeding mulch-based cropping systems in the Cerrados of Brazil. Global Change Biology 12, 1773–1787. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01233.x
Dalton, T.J., Yahaya, I., Naab, J., 2014. Perceptions and performance of conservation agriculture practices in northwestern Ghana. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 187, 65–71. doi:10.1016/j.agee.2013.11.015
Derpsch, R., Franzluebbers, a. J.J., Duiker, S.W.W., Reicosky, D.C.C., Koeller, K., Friedrich, T., Sturny, W.G.G., Sá, J.C.M.C.M., Weiss, K., 2014. Why do we need to standardize no-tillage research? Soil and Tillage Research 137, 16–22. doi:10.1016/j.still.2013.10.002
Enfors, E., Barron, J., Makurira, H., Rockström, J., Tumbo, S., 2011. Yield and soil system changes from conservation tillage in dryland farming: A case study from North Eastern Tanzania. Agricultural Water Management 98, 1687–1695. doi:10.1016/j.agwat.2010.02.013
Erenstein, O., 2003. Smallholder conservation farming in the tropics and sub-tropics: A guide to the development and dissemination of mulching with crop residues and cover crops. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 100, 17–37. doi:10.1016/S0167-8809(03)00150-6
Erkossa, T., Stahr, K., Gaiser, T., 2006. Soil tillage and crop productivity on a Vertisol in Ethiopian highlands. Soil and Tillage Research 85, 200–211. doi:10.1016/j.still.2005.01.009
FAO, 2010. Climate-Smart Agriculture: Policies, Practices and Financing for Food Security, Adaptation and Mitigation, FAO.
FAO, 2013. Climate-smart agriculture sourcebook, Book.
FAO, 2014. Conservation agriculture homepage [WWW Document]. URL http://www.fao.org/ag/ca/
Findeling, A., Ruy, S., Scopel, E., 2003. Modeling the effects of a partial residue mulch on runoff using a physically based approach. Journal of hydrology 275, 49–66.
Giller, K.E., Witter, E., Corbeels, M., Tittonell, P., 2009. Conservation agriculture and smallholder farming in Africa: The heretics’ view. Field Crops Research 114, 23–34. doi:10.1016/j.fcr.2009.06.017
Guto, S.N., Pypers, P., Vanlauwe, B., de Ridder, N., Giller, K.E., 2011. Tillage and vegetative barrier effects on soil conservation and short-term economic benefits in the Central Kenya highlands. Field Crops Research 122, 85–94. doi:10.1016/j.fcr.2011.03.002
Harvey, C.A., Chacón, M., Donatti, C.I., Garen, E., Hannah, L., Andrade, A., Bede, L., Brown, D., Calle, A., Chará, J., Clement, C., Gray, E., Hoang, M.H., Minang, P., Rodríguez, A.M., Seeberg-Elverfeldt, C., Semroc, B., Shames, S., Smukler, S., Somarriba, E., Torquebiau, E., van Etten, J., Wollenberg, E., 2014. Climate-Smart Landscapes: Opportunities and Challenges for Integrating Adaptation and Mitigation in Tropical Agriculture. Conservation Letters 7, 77–90. doi:10.1111/conl.12066
IPCC, 2013. Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge University Press. Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.
Koné, A.W., Tondoh, J.E., Bernhard-Reversat, F., Loranger-Merciris, G., Brunet, D., Tano, Y., 2008. Changes in soil biological quality under legume-and maize-based farming systems in a humid savanna zone of côte d’ivoire Biotechnology, Agronomy and Society and Environment 12, 147–155.
Lal, R., 1976. Soil erosion on alfisols in Western Nigeria: IV. Nutrient element losses in runoff and eroded sediments. Geoderma 16, 403–417.
Lal, R., 1995. Tillage and Mulching Effects on Maize Yield for Seventeen Consecutive Seasons on a Tropical Alfisol. Journal of Sustainable Agriculture 5, 79–93. doi:10.1300/J064v05n04_07
Lal, R., 2004. Soil carbon sequestration to mitigate climate change. Geoderma 123, 1–22. doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2004.01.032
Lal, R., Wilson, G.F., Okigbo, B.N., 1978. No-till farming after various grasses and leguminous cover crops in tropical Alfisol. I. Crop performance. Field Crops Research 1, 71–84.
Lawrance, K.F., Prinsloo, M.A., Berry, W.A.J., Taylor, P., 1999. Long and short term effects of tillage systems on grain yield, the incidence of diseases and production costs for maize. South African Journal of Plant and Soil 16, 85–91. doi:10.1080/02571862.1999.10634852
Loke, P.F., Kotzé, E., du Preez, C.C., 2012. Changes in soil organic matter indices following 32 years of different wheat production management practices in semi-arid South Africa. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems 94, 97–109. doi:10.1007/s10705-012-9529-6
Luo, Z., Wang, E., Sun, O.J., 2010. Can no-tillage stimulate carbon sequestration in agricultural soils? A meta-analysis of paired experiments. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 139, 224–231. doi:10.1016/j.agee.2010.08.006
Mupangwa, W., Thierfelder, C., 2013. Intensification of conservation agriculture systems for increased livestock feed and maize production in Zimbabwe. International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability 12, 425–439. doi:10.1080/14735903.2013.859836
Mupangwa, W., Twomlow, S., Walker, S., Hove, L., 2007. Effect of minimum tillage and mulching on maize (Zea mays L.) yield and water content of clayey and sandy soils. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C 32, 1127–1134. doi:10.1016/j.pce.2007.07.030
Naudin, K., Bruelle, G., Salgado, P., Penot, E., Scopel, E., Lubbers, M., de Ridder, N., Giller, K.E., 2014. Trade-offs around the use of biomass for livestock feed and soil cover in dairy farms in the Alaotra lake region of Madagascar. Agricultural Systems. doi:10.1016/j.agsy.2014.03.003
Ngwira, A.R., Aune, J.B., Mkwinda, S., 2012. On-farm evaluation of yield and economic benefit of short term maize legume intercropping systems under conservation agriculture in Malawi. Field Crops Research 132, 149–157. doi:10.1016/j.fcr.2011.12.014
Ngwira, A.R., Thierfelder, C., Lambert, D.M., 2013. Conservation agriculture systems for Malawian smallholder farmers: Long-term effects on crop productivity, profitability and soil quality. Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 28, 350–363. doi:10.1017/S1742170512000257
Nyamadzawo, G., Wuta, M., Nyamangara, J., Nyamugafata, P., Chirinda, N., 2014. Optimizing dambo (seasonal wetland) cultivation for climate change adaptation and sustainable crop production in the smallholder farming areas of Zimbabwe. International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability 1–17. doi:10.1080/14735903.2013.863450
Obalum, S.E., Amalu, U.C., Obi, M.E., Wakatsuki, T., 2011. Soil Water Balance and Grain Yield of Sorghum Under No-Till Versus Conventional Tillage With Surface Mulch in the Derived Savanna Zone of Southeastern Nigeria. Experimental Agriculture 47, 89–109. doi:10.1017/S0014479710000967
Osuji, G., 1984. Water storage, water use and maize yield for tillage systems on a tropical alfisol in Nigeria. Soil and Tillage Research 4, 339–348.
Ouédraogo, E., Stroosnijder, L., Mando, A., Brussaard, L., Zougmoré, R., 2007. Agroecological analysis and economic benefit of organic resources and fertiliser in till and no-till sorghum production after a 6-year fallow in semi-arid West Africa. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems 77, 245–256. doi:10.1007/s10705-006-9063-5
Pannell, D.J., Llewellyn, R.S., Corbeels, M., 2014. The farm-level economics of conservation agriculture for resource-poor farmers. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 187, 52–64. doi:10.1016/j.agee.2013.10.014
Paul, B.K., Vanlauwe, B., Ayuke, F., Gassner, A., Hoogmoed, M., Hurisso, T.T., Koala, S., Lelei, D., Ndabamenye, T., Six, J., Pulleman, M.M., 2013. Medium-term impact of tillage and residue management on soil aggregate stability, soil carbon and crop productivity. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 164, 14–22. doi:10.1016/j.agee.2012.10.003
Paustian, K., Andrén, O., Janzen, H.H., Lal, R., Smith, P., Tian, G., Tiessen, H., Van Noordwijk, M., Woomer, P.L., 1997. Agricultural soils as a sink to mitigate CO2 emissions. Soil Use and Management 13, 230–244.
Powlson, D.S., Stirling, C.M., Jat, M.L., Gerard, B.G., Palm, C.A., Sanchez, P.A., Cassman, K.G., 2014. Limited potential of no-till agriculture for climate change mitigation. Nature Climate Change 4, 678–683. doi:10.1038/nclimate2292
Rabenarivo, M., Wrage-Moennig, N., Chotte, J.-L., Rabeharisoa, L., Razafimbelo, T.M., Chapuis-Lardy, L., 2014. Emissions of CO2 and N2O from a pasture soil from Madagascar-Simulating conversion to direct-seeding mulch-based cropping in incubations with organic and inorganic inputs. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science 177, 360–368. doi:10.1002/jpln.201300032
Rusinamhodzi, L., Corbeels, M., Van Wijk, M.T., Rufino, M.C., Nyamangara, J., Giller, K.E., Wijk, M.T., 2011. A meta-analysis of long-term effects of conservation agriculture on maize grain yield under rain-fed conditions. Agronomy for Sustainable Development 31, 657–673. doi:10.1007/s13593-011-0040-2
Schroth, G., Jeusset, A., Gomes, A.S., Florence, C.T., Coelho, N.A.P., Faria, D., Läderach, P., 2014. Climate friendliness of cocoa agroforests is compatible with productivity increase. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change. doi:10.1007/s11027-014-9570-7
Scopel, E., Da Silva, F.A.M.M., Corbeels, M., Affholder, F., Maraux, F., 2004. Modelling crop residue mulching effects on water use and production of maize under semi-arid and humid tropical conditions. Agronomie 24, 383–395. doi:10.1051/agro:2004029
Scopel, E., Triomphe, B., Affholder, F., Silva, F.A.M., Corbeels, M., Xavier, J.H.V., Lahmar, R., Recous, S., Bernoux, M., Blanchart, E., Mendes, I., Tourdonnet, S., Da Silva, F.A.M.M., De Carvalho Mendes, I., De Tourdonnet, S., 2013. Conservation agriculture cropping systems in temperate and tropical conditions, performances and impacts. A review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development 33, 113–130. doi:10.1007/s13593-012-0106-9
Shrestha, S., Asch, F., Dusserre, J., Ramanantsoanirina, A., Brueck, H., 2012. Climate effects on yield components as affected by genotypic responses to variable environmental conditions in upland rice systems at different altitudes. Field Crops Research 134, 216–228. doi:10.1016/j.fcr.2012.06.011
Siedenburg, J., Martin, A., McGuire, S., 2012. The power of “farmer friendly” financial incentives to deliver climate smart agriculture: a critical data gap. Journal of Integrative Environmental Sciences 9, 201–217. doi:10.1080/1943815X.2012.748304
Singh, R.B., 2012. Climate Change and Food Security, in: Improving Crop Productivity in Sustainable Agriculture. Wiley-VCH, National Academy of Agricultural Sciences, NASC Complex, DPS Marg, Pusa, New Delhi 110012, India, pp. 1–22. doi:10.1002/9783527665334.ch1
Sissoko, F., Affholder, F., Autfray, P., Wery, J., Rapidel, B., 2013. Wet years and farmers’ practices may offset the benefits of residue retention on runoff and yield in cotton fields in the Sudan–Sahelian zone. Agricultural Water Management 119, 89–99. doi:10.1016/j.agwat.2012.12.012
Thierfelder, C., Cheesman, S., Rusinamhodzi, L., 2013. Benefits and challenges of crop rotations in maize-based conservation agriculture (CA) cropping systems of southern Africa. International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability 11, 108–124. doi:10.1080/14735903.2012.703894
Thierfelder, C., Wall, P.C., 2012. Effects of conservation agriculture on soil quality and productivity in contrasting agro-ecological environments of Zimbabwe. Soil Use and Management 28, 209–220. doi:10.1111/j.1475-2743.2012.00406.x
Tittonell, P., Giller, K.E., 2013. When yield gaps are poverty traps: The paradigm of ecological intensification in African smallholder agriculture. Field Crops Research 143, 76–90. doi:10.1016/j.fcr.2012.10.007
Tulema, B., Aune, J.B., Johnsen, F.H., Vanlauwe, B., 2008. The prospects of reduced tillage in tef (Eragrostis tef Zucca) in Gare Arera, West Shawa Zone of Oromiya, Ethiopia. Soil and Tillage Research 99, 58–65. doi:10.1016/j.still.2007.12.001
Umar, B.B., Aune, J.B., Johnsen, F.H., Lungu, I.O., 2012. Are Smallholder Zambian Farmers Economists? A Dual-Analysis of Farmers’ Expenditure in Conservation and Conventional Agriculture Systems. Journal of Sustainable Agriculture 36, 908–929. doi:10.1080/10440046.2012.661700
Xiong, W., van der Velde, M., Holman, I.P., Balkovic, J., Lin, E., Skalský, R., Porter, C., Jones, J., Khabarov, N., Obersteiner, M., 2014. Can climate-smart agriculture reverse the recent slowing of rice yield growth in China? Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 196, 125–136. doi:10.1016/j.agee.2014.06.014